GB virus C infection in Indonesian HIV-positive patients
a Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe
University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
c Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
c Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
Abstract
GB virus C (GBV-C), a human virus of the Flaviviridae family that is
structurally and epidemiologically closest to hepatitis C virus (HCV), has been
reported to confer beneficial outcomes in HIV-positive patients. However, the
prevalence of GBV-C in HIV-positive individuals in Indonesia is unknown. Since
GBV-C is more prevalent in anti-HCV positive patients than in anti-HCV negative
subjects, transmission of GBV-C and HCV could be by the same method. This study
examined the prevalence and molecular characteristics of GBV-C infection in HIV
patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The prevalence of GBV-C among HIV patients
(n=125, median age 31 years) based on the 5′UTR region was 111/125 (88.8%),
including 39/48 (81.3%) and 72/77 (93.5%) HIV-infected patients with and
without HCV infection, respectively. GBV-C isolates were of genotype 2a, 3 and
6 in 58.3%, 12.6% and 28.4% of patients, respectively. Patients with genotype 3
were significantly younger than those with genotypes 2a or 6 (P=0.001 and
P=0.012, respectively). Genotypes 3 and 6 were significantly associated with
injection drug use (P=0.004 and P=0.002, respectively) and HCV co-infection (P<0.001
for both genotypes), indicating a shared transmission route with HCV. In
conclusion, the prevalence of GBV-C among HIV-positive patients in Indonesia is
high, and three genotypes were detected, namely genotype 2a, 3 and 6.
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